In the sun-scorched heart of Rajasthan, where the desert stretches out like a golden tapestry, lies a hidden treasure of architectural ingenuity: The step-wells or ‘baoris’ are the other important structures of the region. These are not just reservoirs hewn from the ground; they are relics of the past, symbols of the historical identity of the area and the creativity of its inhabitants.
Of these, the step-wells of Abhaneri are particularly famous, not just because of their size, but also because of the skill with which they have been sculpted and constructed. When we start exploring these caves, we will get to know stories carved into the walls, we will be amazed by the forms and we will understand that these structures are the essence of Rajasthan.
Exploring the Ancient 11 Famous Stepwells in Rajasthan:
1. Chand Baori, Abhaneri
Chand Baori is among the oldest and deepest step-wells in India and was constructed in the 9th century by King Chanda of the Nikumbha Dynasty. Also known as the ‘Stairway to the Underworld’, it has 3,500 steps, each only about 17 centimetres wide, and is divided into thirteen levels that go down about thirty meters below the ground.
Besides being built for water storage and as a public utility, Chand Baori was also used for social and religious purposes. The fact that it is situated close to the Harshat Mata Temple shows that it is an essential part of the religious and social life of the area. Read More: Abhaneri Travel Guide- What to Know Before You Go
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2. Hadi Rani Ki Baori, Tonk
Hadi Rani Ki Baori was built in the 17th century and is named after a legendary queen, Hadi Rani who was famous for her bravery and devotion. The stepwell has well-carved arches and pillars and the architectural work depicted here is highly advanced. Constructed for providing water to the area called Todarai Singh which is almost barren in terms of water resources, the structure not only provided water but also acted as a social place for people to assemble.
Hadi Rani Ki Baori is an example of such a structure, which serves as a reminder of the people’s dedication and courage, as well as the significance of step-wells in the social and cultural life of Rajasthan in the face of the region’s difficult terrain.
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3. Toorji Ka Jhalra, Jodhpur
Built-in the 1740s for the queen, Maharaja Abhay Singh’s wife, Toorji Ka Jhalra is a fine example of Marwar’s artisanship. This stepwell has been carved with dancing elephants, medieval lions, and cow-shaped water spouts; it used to be a source of water for the people of Jodhpur.
It has now been recently renovated and is used as a cultural centre and is visited by both domestic and international visitors. The stepwell also reflects the social significance of water conservation during the time and the architectural aesthetics of Jodhpur that the people loved.
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4. Panna Meena Ka Kund, Jaipur
Panna Meena Ka Kund is a splendid example of the architectural marvel of the Amer region which was built in the 16th century. This stepwell has a geometrical pattern of staircases crossing each other, which gives a fair idea of the craftsmanship and the vision of the ancient Rajput architects.
The pond was an important source of water for the neighbouring Amer Fort and was frequented by women from the community who came to fetch water, interact with one another and escape the heat. Today it is an aesthetically located site that depicts the social life of historic Jaipur.
5. Rani Ji Ki Baori, Bundi
Rani Ji Ki Baori or the Queen’s Stepwell was built in 1699 by Rani Nathavati Ji. This is a 46-meter-deep stepwell with profuse carving and sculptures of gods and goddesses, which prove the excellent work of the craftsmen of Bundi.
Besides being an architectural utility, the stepwell was also used for religious activities and functions during festivals. It has elaborate carvings and engravings that depict the religious and cultural beliefs of the people of Bundi and is functional art.
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6. Jachcha ki Baori, Hindaun
Jachcha Ki Baori is the largest stepwell in the country situated in Hindaun, Rajasthan and is said to have been built in the fourteenth century by Lakkhi Banjara. This stepwell is heavily loaded with folklore and one of the tales has it that the water in this stepwell can wash clothes without the use of soap.
Being an important traditional water structure, Jachcha Ki Baori has been renovated for historical and functional preservation.
7. Bhandarej Baori, Bhandarej
The Bhandarej Baori belongs to the early Medieval period of Indian history and the structure was built in the 11th century. As an architectural feature, it was a stepwell that was built to ensure that the people in the village and the surrounding areas had access to water.
It also had a social function, where the locals could congregate, exchange information, and conduct ceremonies. Today, Bhandarej Baori is an important historic structure, which reminds us about the role of water supply in the history of Rajasthan.
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8. Nagaur Fort Baori, Nagaur
Located in the Nagaur Fort built in the 12th century, the Nagaur Fort Baori underlines the importance of water reservoirs in the context of the fortified structure. It was designed in a complex manner to ensure that water was always available during sieges and droughts.
Apart from being a source of water, the stepwell had a social and cultural importance in the fort and was used by the inhabitants as well as the soldiers. This dual-functioning role points to the centrality of the stepwell in sustaining the existence and functioning of the fort’s residents.
Read More: Top 5 Famous Tourist Places to See in Nagaur
9. Bhooton ki Baoli, Ransi
Stepwell at Ramsi Village 90 km from Jodhpur called Bhooton Ki Baoli is a legendary construction of the 14th century. It is believed that one night Thakur Jai Singh had gone to fetch water for his horse and saw a ghost and the ghost granted him a wish of a big palace and a better town. The ghost agreed to the wish under two conditions: the construction would be greatly enhanced by the ghost and Jai Singh must keep the pact secret.
Once Jai Singh’s wife demanded that he show the ghost to her and the latter ran away, and the construction was left at the two storeys of the palace and 174 steps of the stepwell. The site continues to be enigmatic; people have testified to hearing construction noises at night.
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10. Neemrana Baori, Neemrana
Neemrana Baori is an imposing nine-storied stepwell that was built in the 18th century by Raja Rajinder Singh in the Neemrana Fort. Built to provide water for the inhabitants of the desert area and travellers on the Delhi-Jaipur route, it also provided a place for social interaction.
The stepwell was used as a place to escape the heat and as a place for social interaction which underlines its importance in the consolidation of communities and support of travelers.
11. Birkha Bawari, Jodhpur
Another structure that is an example of the sophisticated water management system of the Marwar region is Birkha Bawari in Jodhpur which was built in the 15th century. The architectural work of the period is well demonstrated by the fact that it has more than one tier and intricate carving.
It was a source of water and a center of the community and people gathered there to share stories and legends of the place, thus emphasizing its cultural role in Jodhpur.
15 Days Rajasthan Trip Itinerary
Discover Rajasthan’s Timeless Stepwells
Visiting the open-to-sky stepwell in Rajasthan starting from the famous Chand Baori to the complex Panna Meena Ka Kund is an eye opener for more than just the water storage structures they are but the architectural beauty and the history behind them. All the step-wells are examples of creativity and history. Tusk Travel offers you a chance to visit these architectural marvels where history and art blend perfectly.
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